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| Satellite Radio Frequencies | Tyneside, UK 2021 Jan 31 Sunday, Day 31
Maintained by: Robert Christy Zarya Home Kettering Group Home Kettering Group Chronology 1966 ATV Today Interviews 1966 Flight Int'l Plesetsk Letter 1966 "Pentagon Signals A Hit" 1966 Film Snippets 1967 First Sheldon Report 1968 Panorama 1977 Archive Film 1978 New Scientist 1985 "The Kettering Connection" 1991 Philatelic Commemoration 1993 The Wonderstuff 1995 The Express Story 2010 BIS 'Spaceflight' 50 years 2015 - Obituary, Derek Slater 2016 - 50th yr Celebration 2018 - Science Museum The Kettering Tracking Station Radio Frequencies Members and Reminiscences Kettering Group on the Web: "Cytringanian Farewell" Extract Book published on closure of the School Sven's Space Place Kettering results, history, exploits and accounts 'Time' mag on Plesetsk 1966 Contemporary Article Project Kettering website Geoff Perry item Human Spaceflight Telemetry Soyuz & Salyut - article by Geoff Perry Demolition of the School BBC News Feature | HF (Short Wave) Satellite Frequencies In the early days of space research, and particularly in the case of the Soviet Union, there were numerous HF transmissions. Some used the chosen frequencies for ionosphere research, but in the case of the USSR, some frequencies in the 15-20 MHz region were used for voice, and to provide 'quick look' data - allowing satellites to be tracked when well away from the Asian land mass. Some satellites transmitted only while above the horizon in the USSR, although others transmitted continuously. In the latter case, they could be heard over any point on the globe and, from a given location, it was possible to hear a transmission from thousands of miles away. There were occasions when signals would arrive simultaneously by two different routes through the ionosphere. They would have different values of Doppler Shift and gave the impression that there were two separate signals. Only by analysing the signal content was it possible to determine that the source of both transmissions was the same. From the UK, tracking of Cosmos satellite recoveries and the associated beacons at 19.995 and 20.005 MHz was limited to the period April-October due the seasonal variation of the state of the ionosphere. In winter months, the signal just did not come through. The beacon transmissions usually lasted for about six minutes as the recoverable cabin descended under the parachute. Occasionally, under very favourable ionospheric conditions (usually late spring-summer, weak transmissions would continue for longer periods providing that the aerial had not earthed itself electrically by contact with the ground. There is a description of the Cosmos recovery beacons elsewhere on the Zarya web site. NOTE - for afficionados of the Kettering Satellite Tracking Group, these photographs of Derek Slater and Bob Christy are separated by 31 years in time. This list is not an exhaustive one - it contains frequencies that the author was active in tracking and announced frequencies from the launching agency. Some Cosmos/Soyuz entries are by way of example in that they are typical of a particular satellite or spacecraft type - there were many more similar transmissions. Related Frequencies By definition, HF is a frequency of 30 MHz or less. Some of the earlier HF-transmitting flights used coherent frequencies in the low part of the VHF band - up to 90 MHz, they are included in this list for reference.
Freq (MHz) | Satellite | Transmission | Notes
8.364 | Soyuz T (7K-ST) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names, three crew seats, 1978-1989
8.364 | Soyuz (7K-T/A9) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Salyut (Almaz) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1977, two crew seats
8.364 | Soyuz (7K-T) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1981, two crew seats
8.364 | Soyuz (7K-TM) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Soyuz version developed for the Soyuz-Apollo Test Programme: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1974-1976, two crew seats
8.364 | Soyuz (7K-OK) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Development and Solo programme: Solo and multi-vehicle development missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1966-1970, three crew seats in 'shirtsleeve' environment
8.364 | Soyuz (7K-OKS) | Morse code 'AN' recovery beacon | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1970-1971, three crew seats
8.983 | OV1-17A 1969-025D 3826 | Tones | Ionospheric studies: Continuous transmission
15.009 | Soyuz (7K-T/A9) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (Almaz) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1977, two crew seats
15.009 | Soyuz (7K-OK) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Development and Solo programme: Solo and multi-vehicle development missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1966-1970, three crew seats in 'shirtsleeve' environment
15.009 | Soyuz (7K-OKS) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1970-1971, three crew seats
15.009 | Soyuz (7K-T) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1981, two crew seats
15.009 | Salyut 6 1977-097A 10382 | CW-PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Secondary frequency as an alternative to 20.008 MHz
15.009 | Salyut 7 1982-033A 13138 | CW-PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Secondary frequency as an alternative to 20.008 MHz
15.009 | Salyut 1971-032A 5160 | CW-PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Secondary frequency as an alternative to 20.008 MHz
15.009 | Cosmos 557 1973-026A 6498 | CW-PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Second DOS station to reach orbit but never funtioned as a space station, transmitted until re-entry through orbital decay - frequency may have been used in preference to 20.008 MHz because of superior ionospheric propagation properties
15.009 | Salyut 4 1974-104A 7591 | CW-PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Secondary frequency as an alternative to 20.008 MHz
15.765 | Vostok 2 1961 τ 1 168 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Yuri Gagarin - also transmitted 19.995 MHz, 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
17.365 | Voskhod 2 1965-022A 1274 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Pavel Belyaev and Alexei Leonov - also transmitted 18.035 MHz, 19.994 MHz, 143.625 MHz
17.365 | Voskhod 1964-065A 904 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Vladimir Komarov, Boris Yegorov and Konstantin Feoktistov - also transmitted 18.035 MHz, 19.974 MHz, 19.994 MHz, 143.625 MHz
18.035 | Soyuz (7K-OK) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Development and Solo programme: Solo and multi-vehicle development missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1966-1970, three crew seats in 'shirtsleeve' environment, some missions may have used 18.060 MHz
18.035 | Voskhod 2 1965-022A 1274 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Pavel Belyaev and Alexei Leonov - also transmitted 17.3655 MHz, 19.994 MHz, 143.625 MHz
18.035 | Voskhod 1964-065A 904 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Vladimir Komarov, Boris Yegorov and Konstantin Feoktistov - also transmitted 17.3655 MHz, 19.974 MHz, 19.994 MHz, 143.625 MHz
18.060 | Soyuz (7K-T) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1981, two crew seats
18.060 | Soyuz (7K-OKS) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1970-1971, three crew seats
19.103 | Vostok 1961 μ 1 103 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Yuri Gagarin - also transmitted 19.995 MHz, 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.150 | Cosmos 333 1970-030A 4373 | Morse code - 12 groups of three letters | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.150 | Cosmos 563 1973-036A 6667 | Morse code - 12 groups of three letters | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Frequency changed to 19.300 MHz 1973 Jun 9? - cameras and film recovered
19.300 | Cosmos 563 1973-036A 6667 | Morse code - 12 groups of three letters | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Frequency changed from 19.150 MHz 1973 Jun 9? - cameras and film recovered
19.375 | Cosmos 125 1966-067A 2351 | - | Technology Development: Frequency announced by TASS
19.545 | Proton-2 1965-087A 1701 | PDM | Science payload - high energy physics: 12 tonnes satellite as test of the three-stage Proton rocket
19.545 | Proton-3 1966-060A 2290 | PDM | Science payload - high energy physics: 12 tonnes satellite as test of the three-stage Proton rocket
19.735 | Cosmos 102 1965-111A 1867 | - | Technology Development: Frequency announced by TASS
19.895 | Polyot 2 1964-019A 784 | - | Developmental: Tested manoeuvring system
19.910 | Proton 1965-054A 1466 | PDM | Science payload - high energy physics: 12 tonnes satellite as test of the three-stage Proton rocket
19.910 | Proton 4 1968-103A 3544 | FSK with PDM with duration approx 1s per data bit - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Science payload - high energy physics: 19 tonnes satellite as test of the three-stage Proton rocket
19.943 | Elektron-1 1964-006A 746 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 2 - also transmitted 19.954 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.943 | Elektron-2 1964-006B 748 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 1 - also transmitted 19.954 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.943 | Elektron-3 1964-038A 829 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 4 - also transmitted 19.954 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.943 | Elektron-4 1964-038B 830 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 3 - also transmitted 19.954 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.945 | Polyot 1963-043A 683 | - | Developmental: Tested manoeuvring system
19.945 | Salyut 3 1974-046A 7342 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: 'Almaz' piloted photo-reconnaissance platform
19.945 | Salyut 5 1976-057A 8911 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: 'Almaz' piloted photo-reconnaissance platform
19.948 | Vostok 5 1963-020A 591 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Valeri Bykovsky, flew in parallel with Vostok 6 - also transmitted 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.954 | Cosmos 929 1977-066A 10146 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station support: Solo Mission
19.954 | Cosmos 1267 1981-039A 12419 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station support: Test Flight - docked with Salyut 6 for a period
19.954 | Cosmos 1443 1983-013A 13868 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station support: Test Flight - docked with Salyut 7 for a period
19.954 | Cosmos 1686 1985-086A 16095 | FSK with PDM - 16 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station support: Test Flight - docked with Salyut 7 and destroyed on Salyut 7 re-entry
19.954 | Elektron-1 1964-006A 746 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 2 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.954 | Elektron-2 1964-006B 748 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 1 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.954 | Elektron-3 1964-038A 829 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 4 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.954 | Elektron-4 1964-038B 830 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 3 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 20.005 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
19.974 | Voskhod 1964-065A 904 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Vladimir Komarov, Boris Yegorov and Konstantin Feoktistov - also transmitted 17.365 MHz, 18.035 MHz, 19.994 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.990 | Cosmos 112 1966-021A 2107 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Frequency changed from 19.995 MHz 1966 Mar 21? - cameras and film recovered
19.990 | Vostok 4 1962 αν1 365 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Pavel Popovich, flew in parallel with Vostok 3 - also transmitted 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.990 | Cosmos 364 1970-075A 4553 | FSK - 1kHz separation, 1.5s cycle | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.994 | Voskhod 2 1965-022A 1274 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Vladimir Komarov, Boris Yegorov and Konstantin Feoktistov - also transmitted 17.365 MHz, 18.035 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.994 | Voskhod 1964-065A 904 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Vladimir Komarov, Boris Yegorov and Konstantin Feoktistov - also transmitted 17.365 MHz, 18.035 MHz, 19.974 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.995 | Practice Recovery Beacon | Pseudo morse code | Soviet exercises/tests: 'TV' recovery test beacon - noted during extended perios during 1973, source unknown
19.995 | Voice | AM voice | Recovery crews?: Often heard starting soon after transmission from a Cosmos recovery beacon - Russian voices, possibly the recovery crews
19.995 | Vostok 1961 μ 1 103 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Yuri Gagarin - also transmitted 19.103 MHz, 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.995 | Vostok 2 1961 τ 1 168 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Gherman Titov - also transmitted 15.765 MHz, 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.995 | Cosmos 112 1966-021A 2107 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Frequency changed to 19.990 MHz 1966 Mar 21? - cameras and film recovered
19.995 | Explorer VII 1959 ι 1 22 | - | Science satellite: Ionospheric studies
19.995 | Cosmos 4 1962 ξ 1 287 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.995 | Cosmos 208 1968-022A 3156 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.995 | Cosmos 208 1968-022A 3156 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter K | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TK type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening
19.995 | Korabl Sputnik Cabin 1960 ε 3 36 | - | Developmental: Vostok precursor
19.995 | Vostok 3 1962 αμ1 363 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Andrian Nikolayev, flew in parallel with Vostok 4 - also transmitted 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.995 | Cosmos 280 1969-040A 3906 | Morse code - 12 groups of three letters | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.995 | Cosmos 288 1969-055A 3994 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter K | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TK type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening - simultaneous with 20.005 MHz
19.995 | Cosmos 317 1969-109A 4280 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter F | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TF type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening
19.995 | Cosmos 344 1970-038A 4401 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter G | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TG type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening
19.995 | Shijian 1 1971-018A 5007 | Pulse position data modulation | Engineering experiments: Second satellite launch by the PRC - initial transmissions at 20.006 MHz then changed to this frequency - Transmission was continuous until re-entry in 1979 through natural orbital decay
19.995 | Cosmos 12 1962 βω1 517 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Zenit 2 prototype
19.995 | Vostok 6 1963-023A 595 | - | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Valentina Tereshkova, flew in parallel with Vostok 5 - also transmitted 20.006 MHz, 143.625 MHz
19.995 | Cosmos 541 1972-105A 6326 | FSK - 1kHz separation, 1.5s cycle | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
19.995 | Cosmos 541 1972-105A 6326 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter L | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TL type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening
19.995 | Korabl Sputnik 3 1960 ρ 1 65 | - | Developmental: Vostok/Zenit precursor
19.995 | Cosmos 22 1963-045A 689 | FSK/PDM telemetry - 1kHz shift, 15 channels per frame with frame duration approx 16s | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: Cameras and film recovered
20.003 | Cosmos 1 1962 θ 1 266 | CW - keyed 4s on and 0.5s off | Ionospheric studies: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, also transmitted 90.018 MHz
20.005 | Soyuz Practice Recovery Beacon | Morse code letters 'AN' | Soviet exercises/tests: Sometimes transmitted for long periods early 1970s, possible ground simulations or Soyuz recovery tests
20.005 | Explorer (S45-1-1 - 1962) | - | Ionospheric studies: Failed to reach orbit - one of a set of coherent ionospheric beacon frequencies, also caried transmitters for 40.010, 41.010, 108.02, 360.09 and 960.24 MHz
20.005 | Explorer (S45-1-2 - 1962) | - | Ionospheric studies: Failed to reach orbit - one of a set of coherent ionospheric beacon frequencies, also caried transmitters for 40.010, 41.010, 108.02, 360.09 and 960.24 MHz
20.005 | Explorer 27 1965-032A 1328 | CW | Ionospheric studies: Continuous beacon
20.005 | Cosmos 2 1962 ι 1 269 | CW - keyed 2s on and 0.5s off | Ionospheric studies: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies,, also transmitted 90.023 MHz
20.005 | Sputnik 2 1957 β 1 3 | CW rhythmic bleeping | Experimental - carried dog 'Laika': Also transmitted 40.002 MHz
20.005 | Cosmos 8 1962 αξ1 367 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science and meteoroid detection: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, exact frequency given as 20.00504 MHz, also transmitted 90.023 MHz
20.005 | Cosmos 288 1969-055A 3994 | 0.5s CW pulse alternating with morse code letter K | Photo-reconnaissance satellite: TK type recovery beacon transmitted after parachute opening - simultaneous with 19.995 MHz
20.005 | Cosmos 11 1962 βθ1 441 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science and meteoroid detection: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, exact frequency given as 20.0048 MHz, also transmitted 90.022 MHz
20.005 | Elektron-1 1964-006A 746 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 2 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
20.005 | Elektron-2 1964-006B 748 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 1 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
20.005 | Sputnik 3 1958 δ 2 8 | CW rhythmic bleeping | Experimental - science: Also transmitted 40.002 MHz
20.005 | Elektron-3 1964-038A 829 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 4 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
20.005 | Elektron-4 1964-038B 830 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 3 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 30.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
20.005 | Explorer 22 1964-064A 899 | CW | Ionospheric studies: Continuous beacon
20.005 | Cosmos 53 1965-006A 983 | CW? | Science/minor military?: Coherent pair with 90.022 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 1961 μ 1 103 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Yuri Gagarin - also transmitted 19.103 MHz, 19.995 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 2 1961 τ 1 168 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Gherman Titov - also transmitted 15.765 MHz, 19.995 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 3 1962 αμ1 363 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Andrian Nikolayev, flew in parallel with Vostok 4 - also transmitted 19.990 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 4 1962 αν1 365 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Pavel Popovich, flew in parallel with Vostok 3 - also transmitted 19.990 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.006 | Dong Fang Hong 1 1970-034A 4382 | Tone-based telemetry plus tune 'The East is Red' | : First satellite launch by the PRC
20.006 | Shijian 1 1971-018A 5007 | Tone-based telemetry | Engineering experiments: Second satellite launch by the PRC - transmissions may have been from the final-stage rocket - After a few days, the 20.006 MHz transmission was replaced by one at 19.995 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 5 1963-020A 591 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Valeri Bykovsky, flew in parallel with Vostok 6 - also transmitted 19.948 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.006 | Vostok 6 1963-023A 595 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Piloted spacecraft: Carried Valentina Tereshkova, flew in parallel with Vostok 5 - also transmitted 19.990 MHz, 143.625 MHz
20.008 | Soyuz (7K-OK) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Development and Solo programme: Solo and multi-vehicle development missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1966-1970, three crew seats in 'shirtsleeve' environment
20.008 | Soyuz T (7K-ST) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names, three crew seats, 1978-1986
20.008 | Soyuz (7K-T) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1981, two crew seats
20.008 | Soyuz (7K-S) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Test flights but never carried a crew: Flown under Cosmos programme name 1974-1976
20.008 | Soyuz (7K-OKS) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (DOS) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1970-1971, three crew seats
20.008 | Soyuz (7K-T/A9) | CW-PDM - 15 data channels, transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Salyut (Almaz) Crew ferry: Solo and space station missions under Soyuz and Cosmos programme names 1973-1977, two crew seats
20.008 | Salyut 6 1977-097A 10382 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Main HF frequency, also transmitted at 15.009 MHz
20.008 | Salyut 7 1982-033A 13138 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Main HF frequency, also transmitted at 15.009 MHz
20.008 | Cosmos 5 1962 υ 1 297 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, also transmitted 90.023 MHz
20.008 | Salyut 1971-032A 5160 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Main HF frequency, also transmitted at 15.009 MHz
20.008 | Cosmos 573 1973-041A 6694 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Crew carrier and unpiloted tests: Info from GP extract from launch announcement - Transmissions detected from most solo Soyuz missions, (excluding ASTP flights), but including test missions orbited under the 'Cosmos' label
20.008 | Salyut 4 1974-104A 7591 | CW-PDM - 15 data channels - transmitted approx 1 measurement per second | Space Station: Main HF frequency, also transmitted at 15.009 MHz
24.912 | Voice | SSB voice | US tracking command and control: Useful for monitoring progress of Gemini and Earth-orbit Apollo missions - ground stations heard talking to each other, giving AOS and LOS times; other NASA satellites could also be tracked
30.008 | Elektron-1 1964-006A 746 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 2 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 90.0225 MHz
30.008 | Elektron-2 1964-006B 748 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 1 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 90.0225 MHz
30.008 | Elektron-3 1964-038A 829 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 4 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 90.0225 MHz
30.008 | Elektron-4 1964-038B 830 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 3 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 90.0225 MHz
40.002 | Sputnik 2 1957 β 1 3 | CW rhythmic bleeping | Experimental - carried dog 'Laika': Also transmitted 20.005 MHz
40.002 | Sputnik 3 1958 δ 2 8 | CW rhythmic bleeping | Experimental - science: Also transmitted 20.005 MHz
90.018 | Cosmos 1 1962 θ 1 266 | CW - keyed 4s on and 0.5s off | Ionospheric studies: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, also transmitted 20.003 MHz
90.022 | Cosmos 53 1965-006A 983 | CW? | Science/minor military?: Coherent pair with 20.005 MHz
90.023 | Cosmos 2 1962 ι 1 269 | CW - keyed 2s on and 0.5s off | Ionospheric studies: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, also transmitted 20.005 MHz
90.023 | Cosmos 6 1962 αδ1 338 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, frequency given as 90.0233 MHz, also transmitted 20.008 MHz
90.023 | Cosmos 8 1962 αξ1 367 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science and meteoroid detection: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, exact frequency given as 90.02268 MHz, also transmitted 20.005 MHz
90.023 | Cosmos 11 1962 βθ1 441 | CW - keyed? | Atmospheric/ionospheric science and meteoroid detection: "Mayak" transmitter for ionospheric studies, exact frequency given as 90.0216 MHz, also transmitted 20.005 MHz
90.023 | Elektron-1 1964-006A 746 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 2 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 20.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
90.023 | Elektron-2 1964-006B 748 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 1 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 20.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
90.023 | Elektron-3 1964-038A 829 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 4 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 20.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz
90.023 | Elektron-4 1964-038B 830 | - | Radiation studies and geophysics: Launched in tandem with Elektron 3 - also transmitted 19.943 MHz, 19.954 MHz, 20.005, 20.0075 MHz, 90.0225 MHz

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